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Astrakhan is a Russian city, the center of Astrakhan Oblast, located on 11 islands of the Caspian Lowland, in the upper part of the Volga Delta.
The settlement that was in place of Astrakhan had different names at different times: Astarkhan, Ashtarhan, Khadzhi-Tarkhan. It is believed that the famous Itil, the capital of Khazaria, was located near the modern territory of Astrakhan.
Its convenient position at the crossroads of trade from Persia and India to Russian principalities and Europe made the city a lucrative prey for neighboring states. The settlement was repeatedly destroyed, but always not to the end; the winner always needed a trading platform. The first written mention of the city dates back to 1333.
An Arab traveler wrote about the city as the fall residence of the Khan of the Golden Horde. In 1395, the city was destroyed by Tamerlane. And in 1456 Astrakhan became the capital of the Astrakhan Khanate. In 1556 Ivan the Terrible annexed Astrakhan Khanate to Russia, and in 1558 the city was moved to a new location. The construction of the Russian fortress in 1558 in the new place is considered the date of the foundation of modern Astrakhan.
In the early 17th century Astrakhan was plundered by both the Don and Terek Cossacks. In 1670, the inhabitants of Astrakhan supported Stepan Razin. Astrakhan received the status of a city under Peter I.
In the late 19th century, due to the development of oil fields in Baku, Astrakhan port becomes one of the largest in the country. Astrakhan is famous for its fisheries, with the best beluga, sturgeon and sturgeon caviar.
During the Great Patriotic War, the front was in 150 km from the city. During the war Astrakhan was an important transshipment point of fuel and lubricants from the Caucasus in the direction of central Russia, in the city there were concentrated a lot of hospitals.
In the post-war years, industry developed in the city. Nowadays, with the development of international trade on the Caspian Sea, the importance of Astrakhan as a transportation hub is growing.
Astrakhan is famous for its many bridges spanning the rivers and irrigation rivers. Magnificent Astrakhan Kremlin. In the center of the former White City are preserved Eastern merchants' houses, mosques, and the Roman Catholic Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin. Interesting are the picture gallery named after B. M. Kustodiev. B.M. Kustodiev and Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve, famous for its collection of monuments of the history of the Khazars and the Golden Horde.
